Programming Language Information

Format: [language name][year created][common uses][creator name][type (paradigm)][example program]

C
1972
Dennis Ritchie
Systems programming, operating systems, embedded systems, compilers
Procedural, imperative
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    printf("Hello from C\n");
    return 0;
}
---

Java
1995
James Gosling
Enterprise software, Android apps, backend systems, web servers
Object-oriented, class-based
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello from Java");
    }
}
---

C++
1985
Bjarne Stroustrup
Game development, high-performance software, system software, GUIs
Object-oriented, procedural
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    cout << "Hello from C++" << endl;
    return 0;
}
---

C#
2000
Microsoft
Desktop apps, web development, Unity games, enterprise software
Object-oriented
using System;
class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello from C#");
    }
}
---

JavaScript
1995
Brendan Eich
Web development, dynamic websites, frontend, backend (Node.js)
Event-driven, functional, imperative
console.log("Hello from JavaScript");
---

TypeScript
2012
Anders Hejlsberg
Large-scale JavaScript apps, scalable frontend projects, Angular apps
Object-oriented, strongly-typed
let message: string = "Hello from TypeScript";
console.log(message);
---

PHP
1995
Rasmus Lerdorf
Web development, CMS (WordPress, Drupal), server-side scripting
Procedural, object-oriented
<?php
echo "Hello from PHP";
?>
---
Python
1991
Guido van Rossum
General-purpose, scripting, AI/ML, web development, automation, data science
Object-oriented, procedural, imperative
print("Hello from Python")
---

Ruby
1995
Yukihiro Matsumoto
Web development (Rails), scripting, automation
Object-oriented
puts "Hello from Ruby"
---

Go
2009
Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, Ken Thompson
Systems programming, cloud services, backend, DevOps tools
Procedural, concurrent
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from Go")
}
---

Rust
2010
Graydon Hoare
Systems programming, safe concurrency, operating systems, embedded apps
Procedural, functional, object-oriented (traits)
fn main() {
    println!("Hello from Rust");
}
---

Swift
2014
Apple
iOS/macOS development, mobile apps, macOS apps
Object-oriented, functional
print("Hello from Swift")
---

Kotlin
2011
JetBrains
Android apps, cross-platform development, server-side apps
Object-oriented, functional
fun main() {
    println("Hello from Kotlin")
}
---

Perl
1987
Larry Wall
Text processing, system administration, web scripting
Procedural
print "Hello from Perl\n";
---

R
1993
Ross Ihaka, Robert Gentleman
Statistical computing, data analysis, visualization, ML research
Functional, procedural
print("Hello from R")
---

MATLAB
1984
MathWorks
Numerical computing, simulations, engineering
Procedural, imperative
disp("Hello from MATLAB")
---

Haskell
1990
Simon Peyton Jones et al.
Functional programming, research, academic, compilers
Functional, declarative
main = putStrLn "Hello from Haskell"
---

Scala
2004
Martin Odersky
Distributed systems, data processing, Big Data, Spark
Object-oriented, functional
object Main extends App {
    println("Hello from Scala")
}
---

SQL
1974
Donald D. Chamberlin, Raymond F. Boyce
Database queries, data management, reporting
Declarative
SELECT 'Hello from SQL';
---

Bash
1989
Brian Fox
Shell scripting, automation, system administration
Procedural, imperative
echo "Hello from Bash"
---

Fortran
1957
John Backus
Scientific computing, engineering, simulations, math-heavy applications
Procedural
PRINT *, "Hello from Fortran"
END
---

COBOL
1959
CODASYL committee led by Grace Hopper
Business applications, banking, government, finance
Procedural
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
DISPLAY "Hello from COBOL".
STOP RUN.
---

Ada
1980
Jean Ichbiah
Military, aerospace, embedded, real-time systems
Object-oriented, procedural
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Hello is
begin
   Put_Line("Hello from Ada");
end Hello;
---

Lisp
1958
John McCarthy
Artificial intelligence, symbolic processing, research
Functional
(print "Hello from Lisp")
---

Prolog
1972
Alain Colmerauer, Robert Kowalski
Logic programming, AI, knowledge bases, reasoning systems
Declarative
?- write('Hello from Prolog'), nl.
---

F#
2005
Microsoft
Functional-first, data science, .NET apps
Functional, object-oriented
printfn "Hello from F#"
---

D
2001
Walter Bright
Systems programming, performance-critical applications
Multi-paradigm
import std.stdio;
void main() {
    writeln("Hello from D");
}
---

Objective-C
1984
Brad Cox, Tom Love
macOS/iOS apps, Cocoa apps, legacy Apple software
Object-oriented
#import <stdio.h>
int main() {
    printf("Hello from Objective-C\n");
    return 0;
}
---

Scheme
1975
Guy L. Steele, Gerald Jay Sussman
Education, teaching functional programming, research
Functional
(display "Hello from Scheme") (newline)
---

Smalltalk
1972
Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg
Object-oriented programming research, GUIs
Object-oriented
Transcript show: 'Hello from Smalltalk'.
---

Erlang
1986
Joe Armstrong
Telecom systems, concurrent programming, distributed systems
Functional, concurrent
io:format("Hello from Erlang~n").
---

Elixir
2011
José Valim
Scalable web apps, distributed systems, concurrent programming
Functional, concurrent
IO.puts "Hello from Elixir"
---

Julia
2012
Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, Alan Edelman
Scientific computing, numerical analysis, data science
Functional, imperative
println("Hello from Julia")
---

Groovy
2003
James Strachan
Scripting for JVM, automation, Gradle builds
Object-oriented
println "Hello from Groovy"
---

Delphi (Object Pascal)
1995
Anders Hejlsberg (Borland)
Windows desktop applications, rapid development
Object-oriented
program Hello;
begin
  Writeln('Hello from Delphi');
end.
---

Pascal
1970
Niklaus Wirth
Teaching, structured programming, education
Procedural
program Hello;
begin
  writeln('Hello from Pascal');
end.
---

Assembly (x86 NASM syntax)
1949 (varies by CPU)
Various hardware designers
Low-level programming, system software, embedded
Imperative
section .data
    msg db 'Hello from Assembly', 0Ah
section .text
    global _start
_start:
    mov edx, 20
    mov ecx, msg
    mov ebx, 1
    mov eax, 4
    int 0x80
    mov eax, 1
    int 0x80
---

Dart
2011
Lars Bak, Kasper Lund (Google)
Cross-platform apps, Flutter, mobile/web
Object-oriented
void main() {
  print("Hello from Dart");
}
---

PowerShell
2006
Microsoft
Task automation, system administration, Windows scripting
Procedural, object-oriented
Write-Output "Hello from PowerShell"
---

VB.NET
2001
Microsoft
Windows apps, .NET development, enterprise software
Object-oriented
Module Module1
    Sub Main()
        Console.WriteLine("Hello from VB.NET")
    End Sub
End Module
---

Visual Basic
1991
Microsoft
Rapid application development, legacy desktop apps
Procedural, object-oriented
PRINT "Hello from Visual Basic"
---

Scratch
2003
MIT Media Lab
Educational programming, block-based, teaching kids programming
Event-driven, visual
when green flag clicked
say "Hello from Scratch"
---

Lua
1993
Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
Embedded scripting, game development, lightweight scripting
Procedural
print("Hello from Lua")
---

Crystal
2014
Ary Borenszweig, Juan Wajnerman, Brian Cardiff
Ruby-like systems language, web apps, scripting
Object-oriented
puts "Hello from Crystal"
---

Clojure
2007
Rich Hickey
Data-heavy apps, concurrency, functional programming on JVM
Functional
(println "Hello from Clojure")
---

Nim
2008
Andreas Rumpf
Systems programming, scripting, compiled apps
Procedural, object-oriented
echo "Hello from Nim"
---

OCaml
1996
Xavier Leroy, INRIA
Functional programming, compilers, symbolic processing
Functional, object-oriented
print_endline "Hello from OCaml"
---

APL
1966
Kenneth E. Iverson
Array programming, mathematics, numerical computations
Functional
'Hello from APL'
---

Forth
1970
Charles H. Moore
Embedded systems, control software, stack-based programming
Stack-based, procedural
." Hello from Forth"
---